Lord Minto II served as Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910, overseeing significant political changes like the Morley-Minto Reforms, the Swadeshi Movement following the Partition of Bengal, and the emergence of revolutionary groups. His tenure deepened communal divisions and increased Indian political representation, impacting future national movements.
Category: History
Alexander Cunningham (1814–1893) was a British Army engineer and archaeologist known as the “Father of Indian Archaeology.” He founded the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in 1861 and made significant contributions to the study of ancient Indian history, including identifying major Buddhist sites and deciphering ancient scripts, establishing the foundation for scientific archaeology in India.
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), established in 1861, oversees archaeological research and the preservation of historical monuments in India. Key functions include excavation, conservation, and management of over 3,600 protected sites. Significant laws include the 1904 and 1958 acts, enhancing ASI’s role in safeguarding India’s cultural heritage.
Lord Curzon served as Viceroy of India (1899-1905), implementing notable reforms such as the Partition of Bengal and educational changes. While his policies enhanced administration and conservation efforts, they sparked significant nationalist opposition, particularly due to perceived divide-and-rule tactics. His tenure reflects both progress and contention in Indian history.
Lord Ripon served as the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884. He is best remembered for his liberal policies, social reforms, and efforts to promote self-governance in India. He is often called the “Father of Local Self-Government in India.” 1. Key Reforms and Policies A. Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882) ✔ The […]
The Vernacular Press Act of 1878, enacted by Lord Lytton, aimed to suppress Indian-language newspapers criticizing British policies. It imposed severe censorship, barred appeals, and disproportionately targeted vernacular press. This oppressive law incited anti-British sentiments, catalyzing resistance among Indian nationalists and leading to its repeal in 1882 under Lord Ripon.
The Government of India Act (1858) was a landmark legislation. The British Parliament passed it to end the rule of the East India Company and transfer control of India directly to the British Crown. It was a response to the Revolt of 1857, which exposed the weaknesses in British administration. 1. Key Features of the […]
Lord Lytton was the Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880 during the rule of British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. His tenure was marked by imperial policies, economic hardships, and political unrest. 1. Major Policies & Events Under Lord Lytton A. The Delhi Durbar (1877) ✔ Organized the Delhi Durbar to proclaim Queen Victoria as […]
The Revolt of 1857, known as India’s First War of Independence, began as a sepoy mutiny against British rule due to political, economic, social, and military grievances. It ultimately failed due to lack of unity and better British resources. The revolt ended Mughal rule, leading to direct British control and inspiring future nationalist movements.
The Indian Penal Code (IPC), established in 1860, served as India’s primary criminal code for over a century. However, significant legal reforms have been implemented, leading to the repeal of the IPC and the introduction of new legislation. 1. Historical Overview These laws received presidential assent in December 2023. They came into effect on July […]