The final part of the Indian Constitution (Part XXII) contains formal provisions related to its title, enforcement date, and repeal of previous laws.
👉 Part XXII (Articles 393 to 395) of the Indian Constitution deals with:
- Short Title (Article 393) – Official name of the Constitution.
- Commencement (Article 394) – Date of enforcement.
- Repeals (Article 395) – Removal of old laws.
I. Short Title (Article 393)
✅ Officially states that the Constitution shall be called “The Constitution of India.”
✅ It applies to the entire territory of India.
Example: “This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.”
II. Commencement (Article 394)
✅ Specifies the date when the Constitution came into force.
✅ Adopted on: November 26, 1949 (Constitution Day).
✅ Came into effect on: January 26, 1950 (Republic Day).
✅ Some provisions (like citizenship, elections, and temporary laws) came into effect earlier (November 26, 1949).
🚀 Why January 26?
- It was chosen to honor the 1930 “Purna Swaraj” (Complete Independence) resolution.
III. Repeals (Article 395)
✅ Repealed the Government of India Act, 1935 and other British laws.
✅ Ended British legal authority in India.
✅ Made the Constitution of India the supreme law of the land.
🚀 Example:
- Before 1950, India was governed under the Government of India Act, 1935.
- After Article 395, only the Indian Constitution remained in force.
IV. Importance of These Provisions
✔ Gives a formal legal identity to the Indian Constitution.
✔ Marks the transition from colonial rule to independence.
✔ Ensures there is no legal confusion about India’s governing document.
V. MCQs on Short Title, Commencement & Repeals
1. What is the official short title of the Indian Constitution?
A) Indian Law Code
B) Constitution of India
C) Indian Republic Act
D) Government of India Rules
Answer: B) Constitution of India
2. On which date was the Constitution adopted?
A) August 15, 1947
B) November 26, 1949
C) January 26, 1950
D) January 1, 1950
Answer: B) November 26, 1949
3. When did the Indian Constitution come into effect?
A) August 15, 1947
B) January 26, 1949
C) January 26, 1950
D) November 26, 1950
Answer: C) January 26, 1950
4. Why was January 26 chosen as Republic Day?
A) It was the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi
B) It was the day India gained independence
C) It was the day of the Purna Swaraj resolution (1930)
D) It was the day the Constitution was written
Answer: C) It was the day of the Purna Swaraj resolution (1930)
5. Which Article repealed the Government of India Act, 1935?
A) Article 368
B) Article 393
C) Article 394
D) Article 395
Answer: D) Article 395
VI. Conclusion
✅ Article 393 gives the Constitution its official title.
✅ Article 394 marks its adoption and enforcement dates.
✅ Article 395 ensures the repeal of colonial laws.
✅ These provisions finalized India’s transition to a sovereign democratic republic.
Would you like a mind map or more MCQs on this topic? 😊