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Art and Culture History

Hinduism for Competitive Exams

Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world, with its origins dating back to the Vedic period (1500 BCE – 600 BCE). It is a complex, diverse, and evolving religious tradition with no single founder and a vast body of scriptures. 1. Origin and Development of Hinduism 2. Sacred Texts of Hinduism A. […]

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Art and Culture History

Mathura School of Art for Competitive Exams

The Mathura School of Art was an important artistic tradition in ancient India. It flourished from the 1st century BCE to the 6th century CE. It developed under the patronage of the Kushanas and Guptas, with its main center in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. 1. Origin and Development 2. Features of Mathura School of Art 3. […]

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Ancient India History

Indo-Greeks or Bactrian Greeks (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE) for Competitive Exams

The Indo-Greeks or Bactrian Greeks were Greek rulers. They controlled parts of Northwest India after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. They played a crucial role in the spread of Hellenistic culture. They introduced Greek coinage and art. They also influenced Indian religions like Buddhism. 1. Origin of Indo-Greek Rule in India 2. Major Indo-Greek […]

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Ancient India History

The Sunga Dynasty (185 BCE – 73 BCE) for Competitive Exams

The Sunga Dynasty was established after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. It played a crucial role in reviving Brahmanical traditions, patronizing Hinduism, and contributing to Indian art and culture. The dynasty is important for exams like UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive exams. 1. Origin of the Sunga Dynasty 2. Important Rulers of […]

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Ancient India Art and Culture History

Mauryan Art and Sculpture for Competitive Exams

The Mauryan period (322 BCE – 185 BCE) marks a significant phase in Indian art. It includes contributions in stone, architecture, and sculpture. This art primarily reflects state power and Buddhist influence. It also shows royal patronage. This makes it important for exams like UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive exams. 1. Features of […]

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Ancient India History

Ashoka’s Empire

Ashoka the Great (273 BCE – 232 BCE) was the most influential ruler of the Mauryan Empire. He is best known for his Dhamma policy, Buddhist patronage, and extensive empire-building. His reign marked a shift from military conquest to welfare and governance based on morality. 1. Extent of Ashoka’s Empire Ashoka’s empire was one of […]

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Ancient India History

The Mauryan Empire

The Mauryan Empire (321 BCE – 185 BCE) was the first large-scale political entity in Indian history. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya and reached its peak under Ashoka. This topic is important for UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive exams. 1. Sources of the Mauryan Empire Source Description Arthashastra Written by Kautilya (Chanakya), […]

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Ancient India Art and Culture History

Sangam Literature

Early Tamil literature is one of the oldest literary traditions in India and is an essential topic for UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive exams. It provides insights into ancient Tamil society, culture, politics, and religion. 1. Sangam Literature The earliest Tamil literature is known as Sangam Literature (சங்க இலக்கியம்), composed between 300 BCE […]

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Ancient India Art and Culture History

Buddhism for Competitive Examinations

Buddhism is one of the most influential religions in India and the world. It was founded by Gautama Buddha and emphasizes non-violence, meditation, and the Middle Path. It played a crucial role in India’s history, society, and culture. Understanding Buddhism is essential for UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive exams. 1. Founder of Buddhism […]

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Ancient India Art and Culture History

Jainism

Jainism is one of the oldest religions in India, emphasizing non-violence (Ahimsa), truth, and asceticism. It played a crucial role in India’s religious and philosophical history. Understanding Jainism is essential for UPSC, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive exams. 1. Origin and Founder of Jainism 2. Core Teachings of Jainism Three Jewels (Triratna) Five Vows […]