Easy Mind MapsThe Maneka Gandhi Case (1978) was a historic judgment that significantly expanded the interpretation of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) in India. The Supreme Court ruled that “personal liberty” includes multiple rights and cannot be curtailed arbitrarily. This case strengthened fundamental rights, procedural fairness, and the rule of law. 1. Background of […]
The Golaknath Case (1967) was a historic Supreme Court judgment that ruled that Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights. This case was a turning point in Indian constitutional history and directly led to the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973), which introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine. 1. Background of the Golaknath Case 🔹 The case was filed by […]
The Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) established the Basic Structure Doctrine, limiting Parliament’s authority to amend the Constitution. The Supreme Court ruled that while amendments are permitted, they cannot alter the Constitution’s core principles. This landmark verdict has significant implications for protecting fundamental rights and maintaining democratic integrity in India.
The Fundamental Rights in India, outlined in Part III of the Constitution, encompass six rights that safeguard individual freedoms. These include the rights to equality, freedom, exploitation protection, religious freedom, cultural and educational rights, and constitutional remedies. While rights can be suspended during emergencies, their significance in preserving democracy is vital.