The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was the first mass civil disobedience movement led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule. It aimed to boycott British institutions, goods, and services while promoting self-rule (Swaraj). 1. Background & Causes ✔ Rowlatt Act (1919) → Allowed imprisonment without trial, leading to nationwide protests.✔ Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919) → […]
Tag: Indian Modern History
Full Name: Mohandas Karamchand GandhiBorn: October 2, 1869 (Porbandar, Gujarat)Died: January 30, 1948 (New Delhi)Title: Father of the NationPhilosophy: Truth (Satya) & Non-violence (Ahimsa) 1. Early Life & Education ✔ Born in a Hindu Vaishya (Bania) family in Gujarat.✔ Studied law at Inner Temple, London (1888-1891).✔ Practiced law in Bombay, then moved to South Africa […]
Date: Location: Context: Event: Aftermath: Reactions: Aftermath for Dyer: Significance: Key Points for Competitive Exams: This event is critical for understanding the rising anger and eventual mobilization that led to India’s independence in 1947.
The All India Muslim League (AIML) was founded on December 30, 1906, at Dhaka. Its primary aim was to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. Over time, it played a crucial role in the demand for Pakistan and the eventual partition of India in 1947. 1. Background & Reasons for Formation ✔ Partition of Bengal […]
The Swadeshi Movement emerged in response to the 1905 Partition of Bengal, advocating a boycott of British goods and promotion of Indian products. Key leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Rabindranath Tagore. The movement, marked by public protests and cultural nationalism, laid the groundwork for subsequent independence struggles in India.
The Partition of Bengal in 1905, executed by Lord Curzon, aimed to weaken the growing nationalist movement by dividing Bengal into Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority areas. It sparked widespread protests, leading to the Swadeshi Movement and promoting Indian industries. The partition was reversed in 1911 due to continued opposition, but it deepened communal divisions.
The Indian National Congress (INC), founded on December 28, 1885, was pivotal in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. It evolved through three phases: Moderate, Extremist, and Gandhian. INC led significant movements and negotiations, shaping modern Indian governance and the Constitution post-independence, solidifying its historical importance.
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Rowlatt Act (1919)
The Rowlatt Act, 1919, officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council. Its purpose was to extend emergency wartime powers into peacetime. It gave the British government enormous powers to suppress political activities and detain Indians without trial. This act led to widespread protests and Gandhi’s first […]
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 was a landmark law passed by the British Parliament to introduce reforms in the governance of British India. It marked the beginning of representative institutions in India by expanding the Governor-General’s Council and allowing Indians to participate in the legislative process. 1. Background of the Indian Councils Act (1861) […]
Lord Hardinge II served as the Viceroy of India from 1910 to 1916. His tenure was marked by significant events such as the Delhi Durbar (1911), the shifting of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi, the annulment of the Partition of Bengal, and revolutionary activities. 1. Important Events During Lord Hardinge’s Tenure ✔ Delhi Durbar […]