Humayun was the second ruler of the Mughal Empire and the son of Babur. His reign was marked by struggles, exile, and eventual restoration of the Mughal Empire. He faced defeat against Sher Shah Suri but later regained the throne with Persian support. Basic Information on Humayun Humayun’s Challenges and Struggles 1. Inheritance of a […]
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Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of the Sikhs. He preached oneness of God, equality, and social justice, rejecting caste discrimination and religious rituals. His teachings formed the basis of Sikh philosophy and the Guru Granth Sahib. Basic Information on Guru Nanak Early Life of Guru Nanak Key Teachings of […]
Kabir was a 15th-century Bhakti saint, poet, and social reformer who played a crucial role in Hindu-Muslim unity. He criticized ritualism, caste discrimination, and religious hypocrisy, emphasizing devotion (Bhakti) to a formless God (Nirguna Bhakti). Basic Information on Kabir Feature Details Full Name Kabir Das Born 1440 CE (Approximate) Birthplace Varanasi (Banaras), Uttar Pradesh, India […]
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Alvars
The Alvars were 12 Tamil poet-saints from the 6th to 9th centuries CE, central to Vaishnavism and the Bhakti movement. Their hymns, compiled as the Divya Prabandham, emphasized devotion to Lord Vishnu and promoted social equality. Notable figures include Nammalvar and Andal, whose works remain vital in Tamil devotional practices.
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Berar Sultanate (1490–1574)
The Berar Sultanate, founded in 1490 CE by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, was the smallest and weakest among the Deccan Sultanates. It faced constant threats from rivals and lacked military strength, leading to its annexation by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1574 CE. Cultural influences included Persian architecture and literature.
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Ahmednagar Sultanate (1490–1636)
The Ahmednagar Sultanate was one of the five Deccan Sultanates, founded in 1490 CE after breaking away from the Bahmani Sultanate. It was ruled by the Nizam Shahi dynasty and played a significant role in the Deccan politics before being annexed by the Mughal Empire in 1636. Basic Information Feature Details Sultanate Name Ahmednagar Sultanate […]
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Aravidu Dynasty (1570–1650)
The Aravidu Dynasty, founded by Tirumala Deva Raya in 1570 CE, was the last ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, which post-dated the Battle of Talikota. Ruling until 1650 CE, it struggled with weak leadership, internal conflicts, and persistent attacks from Deccan Sultanates, leading to its eventual decline and collapse.
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Tuluva Dynasty (1491–1570)
The Tuluva Dynasty was the third ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, emerging in 1505 CE and lasting until 1570 CE. It reached its peak under Krishnadevaraya, who expanded the empire and is celebrated as one of India’s greatest rulers. The dynasty was founded by Narasa Nayaka, who became a de facto ruler in 1491 CE. However, after Krishnadevaraya’s death in 1529 CE, weak successors led to instability. The dynasty ultimately fell following the 1565 Battle of Talikota against allied Deccan Sultanates, giving way to the Aravidu Dynasty.
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Saluva Dynasty (1485–1505)
The Saluva Dynasty was the second ruling dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, replacing the Sangama Dynasty in 1485 CE. It ruled for a short period, from 1485 to 1505, before being replaced by the Tuluva Dynasty under Krishnadevaraya’s father, Vira Narasimha Tuluva. The Saluva rulers focused on defending the empire from external threats and strengthening […]
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Mohenjo-Daro:
Mohenjo-Daro (meaning “Mound of the Dead”) is one of the most prominent archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). Located in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near the Indus River, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and provides critical insights into one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations. Below is a detailed overview […]